A Multitracer Approach to Detecting Wastewater Plumes from Municipal Injection Wells in Nearshore Marine Waters at Kihei and Lahaina, Maui, Hawaii okumak kayıt olmadan

A Multitracer Approach to Detecting Wastewater Plumes from Municipal Injection Wells in Nearshore Marine Waters at Kihei and Lahaina, Maui, Hawaii

Çevre ve Ekoloji

Municipal wastewater plumes discharging from aquifer to ocean were detected by nearshore wading surveys at Kihei and Lahaina, on the island of Maui in Hawaii. Developed in cooperation with the Hawaii Department of Health, the survey methodology included instrument trolling to detect submarine groundwater discharge (fig. E1), followed by analysis of water and algae samples for a suite of chemical and isotopic constituents that constitute a “multitracer” approach. Following a successful proof-of-concept phase, surveys were conducted at two municipal-scale wastewater reclamation facilities on Maui, where several million gallons per day of “reclaimed water” (treated and disinfected wastewater effluent) are injected into deep wells. The main question to be answered by the study—and a topic of long-standing interest—is where and how the effluent discharges to the nearshore coastal environment.

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1 Ocak 2018 Flower Love Press 1 Haziran 2018 Kolektif U.S. Department of the Interior 28 Şubat 2018 Collectif 15 x 0,3 x 22 cm 15 x 0,5 x 22 cm 21,6 x 0,6 x 27,9 cm 1 Ocak 2017 BrownTrout Publisher Dazzle Book Press 1 Ocak 2016 15 x 0,4 x 22 cm 30 Eylül 2020 21,6 x 1 x 27,9 cm 15 x 0,6 x 22 cm

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